Tabulating machine



March 15, 193%, A, w, 154 5 2J1L12 TABULATING MACHINE Filed A l il17,1954 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 d March 15, 19389. A. W. MILLS 2,111,120

TABULATING MACHINE Filed April 17, 1934 5 Sheets-Sheet '2 i INVENTOR.

ATTORNEY ZJILILZZQD March 15 19380 A. w. MILLS TABULATING MACHINE FiledApril 17, 1934 5 SheetsShee'b 5 ZJELIZU March 15, 1938.

A. W. MILLS TABULATING MACHINE Filed April 17, 1934 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 IINVENTOR. l 'f/ 44 hiz BY ATTORNEY March 15, 1938.

A. w. MILLS 2,111,120

TABULATI NG MACHINE Filed April 17, 1934 Fig.8

5 Sheets-Sheet 5 IN V EN TOR.

A TTORNEY Patented Mar. 15, 1938 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ternationalBusiness New York, N. Y., a

Application April 17,

3 Claims.

This invention is directed to improvements in record controlledaccounting machines.

It is specifically directed to improvements in electric tabulatingmachines of the type disclosed in Patent No. 1,916,987, issued July 4,1933,

to J. R. Peirce.

The principal object of the present invention is to provide improvedtotal taking mechanism for accumulators of the type shown in saidpatent. Each denominational order of the accumulators is provided with acommutator read-out mechanism which comprises a plurality of stationarycommutator segments corresponding to the digital values that may berepresented by the order. A rotatably mounted brush is adapted to bepositioned by the accumulator order to cooperate with the fixed segmentsand after an entry has been made, the brush will come to rest in contactwith the segment corresponding to the entry made therein. During totaltaking operations, electric impulses are emitted in succession tocorrespondingly numbered segments of each order and those in contact,with brushes will complete circuits to the printing magnets at the timethe impulse-is transmitted, to position the type bars for printing thenumber in the accumulator. At the same time a resetting circuit iscompleted by the same impulse which will cause the accumulator order toadvance to zero position, thus effecting a resetting operation of thatorder. With this arrangement the separate orders of the accumulator areseparately and individually controlled to reset themselves and theresetting impulses are differentially completed according to the valuerepresented in the order. Switching devices are provided for each orderso that total printing therefrom may take place without accompanyingreset so that socalled progressive total taking operations may beperformed.

Various other objects and advantages of the invention will be obviousfrom the following particular description of one form of mechanismembodying the invention or from an inspection of the accompanyingdrawings; and the invention also constitutes certain new and novel fea=tures of construction and combination of parts hereinafter set forth andclaimed.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a front view of the machine showing the printing mechanism andaccumulator, and total taking devices.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of an accumulator unit showing twodenominational orders with the 55 total read-out device of one brokenaway.

Machines Corporation, corporation of New York 1934, Serial No. 720,935

Figs. 3 and 4 are detail views of the total taking devices of theaccumulator showing total taking parts in different positions.

Fig. 5 is a perspective diagrammatic view of the radially enmeshing orclutching gear mechanism of the accumulator.

Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken on line 6-6 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 7 is an enlarged'view of the total'taking mechanism.

Fig. 8 is a wiring diagram of the electric circuits of the machine.

Fig. 9 is a modified form of circuit arrangement.

For clarity and brevity of description, the machine comprising thepresent invention is herein illustrated in its elemental form with onlytwo denominational or'ders shown in the mechanical views and threeindicated in the circuit diagram. The card sensing devices and someother well known and unimportant features are shown conventionally.

Record cards l0 (Fig. 8) of the well-known Hollerith type are fedthrough the card feeding and analyzing mechanism and circuits arecompleted through the differentially located index point perforations toenergize adding magnets l I and printing magnets l2 so that the valuerepresented by a perforation may be printed and ac cumulated. Theprinting and accumulating mechanism per se formno part in the presentinvention and the description thereof will be limited to an-explanationof the essential elements. Further detailed explanation may be found inthe Peirce patent referred to above.

Printing mechanism The printing devices maybe understood from Fig. 1.The main drive shaft of the machine is indicated at 83 and serves alsoto drive the card feedingvdevices, as explained in the patent. The lowerend of the type bar I4 is connected through a vertical link it to thefree end of an arm it which is pivoted at H. Wardly by spring itconnected at its other end to arm l9. The free end of arm M3 isconnected by thrust link it to an arm H which is pivoted at H and whichhas a link 22 at its free end which is connected to an arm of camfollower member 23. Member 23 carries follower rollers 24 whichcooperate with a pair of complementary cams 25 driven from shaft itthrough suitable gearing.

Arm it is urged up- During the up stroke of arm 21! it pushes arm lilupwardly by means of link 20 and arm l6 is also drawn upwardly throughthe instrumentality of spring l8. Inasmuch as type bar I4 is linked tothe free end of arm l6, it is also carried upwardly until stop pawl 26engages one of the ratchet teeth 21 on the edge of the type barwhereupon arm 2| will continue its upward motion but arm l6 and type barM will remain stationary, the ratchet tooth being held against pawl 26by spring 28. Tripping of pawl 26 is effected by printing magnet l2,which when energized attracts its armature and draws call wire 29 towardthe right, withdrawing latch 30 from pawl 26 and permitting spring 28 tomove the latter into engagement with a tooth 21. The upward movement oftype bar I4 is synchronized with the movement of the record card l0 pastthe analyzing brushes so that a circuit completed through a perforationin any index point position will energize magnet |2 to interrupt thecorresponding type bar l4 with the type element 3| corresponding to theperforated index point position on the printing line.

Accumulating mechanism Whenever an electrical impulse is sent to anyprinter magnet l2, an impulse is also sent through a correspondingaccumulator magnet (Figs. 1 and 2) in order that the accumulatingelement including gear 32 and parts integral therewith may be actuatedto properly enter the amount therein.

Energization of magnet I attracts armature 33 moving it to the right(Fig. 2) thereby unlatching arm 34 of assembly 35 shown in Fig. 5. Thisassembly is mounted for oscillation on stud 36 and is normally urgedcounterclockwise about its pivot by spring 31. The right end of spring31 is anchored to studs in the supporting plate in the accumulating unitand its left end is in engagement with a suitable recess in assembly 35(see Fig. 3). A fulcrum 38 presses upwardly on spring 31 as shown,causing the left end of the spring to exert a pressure on assembly 35,tending to rock the same in a counterclockwise direction. Therefore,when armature 33 releases arm 34, assembly 35 is rotated slightlycounterclockwise. Carried by assembly 35 is a sleeve 39 on which arefast pinions 40 and 4|.

Pinion 4| is constantly in mesh with gear 32 freely mounted on stud 42.Pinion 4| and gear 32 are provided with extra long teeth to per mitoscillation of assembly 35 without disengaging the teeth of the pinionand gear. Pinion 40 is aligned to mesh with gear 43 (see also Fig. 6)whenever assembly 35 is oscillated to the left and as pinion 40 and gear43 have teeth of ordinary length they become disengaged when theassembly is in normal position by armature 33. The gear 43 has drivingconnection with a gear 44 which is in constant rotationby virtue of itsgear connection to the main shaft |3 (see Fig. 7). Therefore, gear 43 isalso in constant rotation.

- With the above construction in mind, the differential action of theaccumulator may be un derstood.

When magnet H is energized, armature 33 releases arm 34 and permitsassembly 35 to swing to the left. This movement engages pinion 40 withgear 43 and causes the pinion to rotate in synchronism with the gearthereby causing pinion 4| and gear 32 to also rotate in synchronismtherewith. This rotation continues until a .hump 45 on cam 46 which isintegral with gear 43 passes under extension 41 of assembly 35 therebyrotating the assembly clockwise, disengaging pinion 40 from gear 43 andpermitting armature 43 to again latch arm 34. Suitable detentingmechanism is provided to hold the gear 32 and associated parts indisplaced position.

In operation the accumulator begins to rotate at differential times inthe cycle depending upon when the impulse is received from the cardanalyzing brushes and the rotation of the accumulator is stopped at afixed point in the cycle by cam 46, thereby rotating the accumulator anamount proportional to the amount of the digit represented on the recordcard.

In the operating cycle of the machine, if rotation of the accumulatorhas been stopped by cam 46, an opportunity is provided for transferringoperations to take place if any are required. The transfer operationsare effected electrically in much the same manner as in Patent No.1,372,965, issued March 29, 1921 to C. D. Lake and are also fully shownand described in the Peirce patent referred to above, so that a detaileddescription thereof need not be made here.

Accumulator read-out device Secured to and insulated from eachaccumulator gear 32 is a brush structure 48 carrying four electricallyconnected brushes 49 which traverse a concentric conductor segment 50and a plurality of metallic segments 5|. The accumulating mechanism isso proportioned that gear 32 and structure 48 make 1/4 Oth of arevolution for each digit entered. Thus, if a 9" is entered, the gear 38moves 9/40ths of a revolution and one of the brushes 49 will stand on asegment 5| corresponding to the value of the digit in the accumulatororder while the next adjacent brush is in contact with segment 50. Thereis one segment 5| for each of the digit positions of the accumulator 9,8, l, 2, 0 and the brushes 49 serve to provide an electrical connectionbetween segment 50 and the segment 5| corresponding to the entry in theaccumulator. Thus, if a 6 is contained in the accumulator, one of thebrushes 49 will be in contact with a segment 50 and another brush willbe in contact with the 6 segment 5|. For example, in Fig. 3, the partsare shown in position to represent an entry of 3 as standing on theaccumulator. The segments 5| are connected by suitable wires threadedthrough a conduit 52 and terminating at terminals 53 in an insulatingblock 54 from which connections may be made to other parts of themachine.

Total taking operation When the operator desires to take a total, herotates the knob 55 (Figs. 1 and 7) a quarter turn, thereby causing cam56 to force latch 51 to the right against the tension of its spring.This releases the right end of lever 58 so that it may rotate clockwiseon its pivot pin 59.

Pin 60 in the face of disk 6| engages cam surface 62 on latch arm 63thereby depressing it sufliciently against the spring 64 for catch 65 toclear the bottom of the retaining blade 66 thereby permitting arm 63 tomove to the right. Arm 63 is pivoted at 61 to the upper end of an arm ofhell crank 68 which is mounted for rotation on pin 59 and is integralwith lever 58. The other arm of bell crank 68 is provided with a roller69. -When no total is being taken, roller 69 contacts only with thereset or high portion of disk 8! since with lever 58 latched as in Fig.7 the arm 68 is also held in the position shown. When catch 65 isreleased as above described and when lever 58 is unlatched, roller 69will drop to the total taking or low portion of the cam 6I thuspermitting bell crank 68 and lever 58 to rock clockwise on pin 58.

Underneath pivot 58 is a horizontal rod I8 on which is pivoted an arm IIon which are spring blades of a plurality of contacts generallydesignated C which are arranged to cooperate with contact blades mountedin a fixed block of insulating material 12 so that when arm H rocks in aclockwise direction about rod 18 certain contacts will open and otherswill close. The functions of these various contacts will be more fullyexplained in connection with the description of the circuit diagram.

Arm H is urged upwardly by spring I3 and inasmuch as arm II bearsagainst a projection 14 on the left end of lever 58 the single spring I3serves to move lever 58 and bell crank 68 as above described. The leftend of lever 58 is connected by vertical link I5 to horizontal lever I8pivoted at IT. At the right end of lever I6 is attached a link I8 havingslots I9 at its extremities. Resting in each slot 19 is a pin 88 in thefree end of horizontal arm 8| pivoted at 82. The .free end of arm 8|carries the fulcrum 38 mentioned above which is in contact with theunderside of spring 31.

When the parts of the accumulator are in normal position for adding asin Fig. 2, arm 8| is held in raised position by lever I6 and verticallink 15. Underneath a projection on arm 8| but normally out of contacttherewith is a latch 83 on the lower end of arm 84 pivoted at 85. Theupper extremity of arm 84 rides in the path of cams 86 which are fast toaccumulating gear 32.

While arm BI is in the above normal position the free end of spring 31is pressed upwardly by fulcrum 38 and serves, as already explained, toswing assembly 35 in a counterclockwise direction to carry out theadding operation but when arm 84 is rocked in a clockwise direction bycams 86 during total taking operations, latch 83 is withdrawn frombeneath arm 8| which, as will be explained, is free to drop during suchoperations, and arm 8| will drop sufliciently to release pressure offulcrum 38 on spring 31 which then follows the fulcrum outwardly androtates assembly 35 clockwise instead of counterclockwise. In otherwords, spring 31 tends to rotate assembly 35 in one direction whenfulcrum 38 is elevate-d and in the other direction when the fulcrum islowered.

Circuit diagram The'operation of the machine will now be explained withparticular reference to the electric circuits thereof. In Fig. 8, 81represents the driving motor of the machine, which, when switch 88 isclosed, completes the circuit through the motor from left side of line89 to right side of line 88.

A record card I8 is represented as moving towards the right under thesensing brushes 8i and when a brush finds a hole in a position of thecard, a circuit is established from right side of line 98, throughcircuit breaker contacts 88, brush 8I, commutator devices 83, whichcomplete the circuit only during the analysis of the index pointpositions, normally closed contacts CI, wire 84, adding magnet II, wire85, to line 89. A parallel circuit extends from wire 84, throughcontacts C3, print magnet I2, wire 85, to line 88. In this way the digitrepresented by the perforation sensed may be printed and the valuethereof accumulated. After each entering operation, the devicesgenerally indicated at 96 operate to effect carrying operations wherenecessary, in the manner fully explained in the Peirce patent referredto.

Total printing When the operator desires to print the total standing onthe accumulator the knob 55 is turned, as explained and the contactsgenerally designated C in Fig. 7 are shifted. On the circuit diagram thevarious contacts prefixed C will accordingly be changed from closedposition, as shown, to open, and vice versa.

Total printing is effected under control of an emitter comprising a pairof electrically connected brushes 91 mounted upon and insulated fromshaft 88 (Fig. l) and adapted to make one revolution for each cycle ofthe machine. In the circuit diagram the brushes 8'! are indicateddiagrammatically as at opposite ends of a common arm. In the mechanicalarrangement, they are located side by side. While one of the brushestraverses a common segmental conductor 89 the other successivelycontacts with a plurality of separate commutator segments I80, one foreach of the several digits.

Extending from each segment I88 is a wire I8I from which connections I82are made to the corresponding commutator segments 5| of theaccumulators. Thus, the 9 segment I88 is connected through the 9 wire IIto all the 9 segments 5| of the accumulator orders; the "8 segment I88as similarly connected to all the 8 segments 5i, and so on. The commonconductor 88 is connected to the right side of line 88 through contactsC5 closed only during total taking operations. With these contactsclosed, brushes 8'! will successively contact the segments I88 insynchronism with the movement of the type bars so that as the severaltype elements 3| pass through printing position, the correspondinglynumbered segments I88 will be electrically connected to the right sideof line. Assume for example, that one of the brushes 48 in the unitsorder is positioned in contact with, let us say, the 9 segment 5| thusrepresenting an entry of 9 in such order. A circuit will be completed asthe 9 type element approaches printing position as follows: from rightside of line 88, contacts C5, common conductor 88,

brushes SI, 9 segment I88, 9 wire I8I, 9

wire I82 in the units order, segment 5|, brushes 48, segment 58, wireI83, contacts C4, now closed, print magnet I2, wire 95, to line 89. Inthis manner the amount standing on the accumulator may be printed.

Resetting If resetting is desired, the switches I84 of the individualaccumulator orders are closed prior to the total taking operation andthe circuit just traced to the printing magnet will follow a parallelpath extending from the common segment 58, through wire I83, andbranching therefrom to wire I85, switch I84, relay magnet I86, addingmagnet I I, wire 95, to line 89. Relay magnet I88 will close its pointsIIlBa to provide a holding circuit for magnet II which extends from theright side of line 88, th.ough wire I81, con tacts C8, now closed,contacts I88a, relay mag net I88, adding magnet I I, wire 85, to leftside of line 89. Magnet II therefore will remain energized until theknob 55 is released to permit opening of contacts C2.

The effect of thus energizing the adding magnet concurrently with theprinting magnet may best be explained in connection with Figs. 3 and 4wherein the arm 16 is in its total taking position; that is, it has beenmoved downwardly so that arm 8| is supported by latch 83. Fig. 3 showsthe parts of the accumulator just prior to a total printing operationwith the brushes 49 positioned to represent an entry of 3 and anelectrical connection exists between common segment 50 and the 3 segment5|. Under control of the emitter brushes in of Fig. 8, the circuit iscompleted through the 3 segment 5| as the corresponding type elementapproaches printing position and as explained, the magnet II isenergized at this time, attracting its armature 33 and permittingcounterclockwise rocking of the assembly 35 so that the accumulatingelements are clutched to the continually rotating parts of the machineand the accumulating unit, including cams 86, will commence to rotate atthis time.

When the element reaches zero position, the parts will be in theposition shown in Fig. 4 wherein one of the cams 86 has engaged the freeend of arm 84, rocking the latter clockwise and withdrawing latch 83from arm 8| so that the spring 31 now acts to rock the clutchingassembly 35 clockwise to declutched position, and the accumulatingelement will remain at rest in zero position with cam 86 holding theparts declutched.

It will be apparent that rotation of the several accumulator orders iscommenced at differential times depending upon the entries therein andthat the restoring operations will also terminate at differential times.For example, an element standing at 9 will commence to rotate at thebeginning of the total taking operation and will be advanced but asingle step to its zero position and an element standing at 3 will beenergized somewhat later in the cycle and will advance seven steps tozero position.

In Fig. 9 is shown a modified form of circuit for controlling resettingoperations and for purposes of explanation but a single order has beenshown. In this arrangement, the emitter brushes 9! contact with thesegments I00 in reverse order and the type elements 3| on the type barsused for total printing are also reversed; that is, they pass printingposition in the order 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7', 8, 9. With thisarrangement, the printing circuits will be completed at differentialtimes and the circuits to the adding magnets l I will also be completedat differential times according to the setting of the brushes 49 but therotation of all the accumulating elements will terminate at the sametime; that is, they will all reach zero position together.

This is due to the fact that with this arrangement the elements thathave the farthest to travel to zero position are picked up first,whereas in the preferred form, they are picked up in inverted order.

While there has been shown and described and pointed out the fundamentalnovel features of the invention as applied to a single modification,

it will be understood that various omissions and substitutions andchanges in the form and details of the device illustrated and in itsoperation may be made by those skilled in the art without departing fromthe spirit of the invention. It is the intention therefore to be limitedonly as indicated by the scope of the following claims.

Whatis claimed is as follows:

1. A resetting mechanism for an accumulator having denominational orderelements, comprising devices positionable by the elements to rep resentan entry in the accumulator, circuit connections, means controlled bysaid positionable means for controlling the completion of said circuitconnections at differential times in accordance with said entries, meansincluded in said circuit connections for diiferentially initiating anadvance of the accumulating elements of each order and devicesseparately controlled by the element of each order for interrupting saidadvance when the element reaches zero position.

2. In a machine of the class described, an accumulating element, meansincluding a clutch mechanism and an actuating magnet for causing dataentries representative of digits to be made in said element, a read-outcontrol device positioned by said element, recording control mechanism,and means controlled by said device for concurrently initiating anoperation of said recording control mechanism and said magnet.

3. An accounting machine including a plurality of accumulating elementsand a driving clutch mechanism for each, operating devices for saidclutch mechanism for effecting operation of said clutch mechanisms atdifferential times for entering items during item entering operations,further means also including said devices for resetting saidaccumulating elements during resetting operations, machine controlleddevices for eifecting unclutching of said clutch mechanisms forterminating entering operations and devices controlled by each elementfor terminating resetting operations at differential times.

ALBERT W. MILLS.

DISCLAIMER 2,111,120.Albert W. Mills, Endicott, .N. Y. TABULATINGMACHINE. Patent dated March 15, 1938. Disclaimer filed December 17,1940, by the assignee, International Business Machines Corporation.Hereby enters this disclaimer to claim 3 in said specification.

[Ofiicial Gazette January 21, 1.941.]

DISCLAIMER 2,111,120.Albert W. Mills, Endieott, .N. Y. TABULATINGMACHINE. Patent dated March 15, 1938. Disclaimer filed December 17,1940, by the assignee,

International Business Machines Corporation. Hereby enters thisdisclaimer to claim 3 in said specification.

[Oflicial Gazette January 91, 1941.]

